Requisite Magic

Level: 7th year Advanced
Subject: Potions

This potion enables the consumer to assume the physical appearance of another person, as long as they have first procured part of that individual's body to add to the brew (this may be anything — toenail clippings, dandruff or worse — but it is most usual to use hair). The idea that a witch or wizard might make evil use of parts of the body is an ancient one and exists in the folklore and superstitions of many cultures. The effect of the potion is only temporary, and depending on how well it has been brewed, may last anything from between ten minutes and twelve hours. You can change age, sex, and race by taking the Polyjuice Potion, but not species. ~ Wikia

Game Canon
+ Can be found in Moste Potente Potions, ala the Restricted Section of the Hogwarts library.
+ The larger the "bio sample" is the better.
+ Brewing length ranges between 18-24hrs depending on cauldron type
+ Polyjuice Theory is taught in 7th year, they don't brew it.
+ The ingredients needed are locked in Slughorn's office.

Level: Easy for Users | Advanced for memory extraction
Subject: Runes & Charms

The Pensieve is a magical object used to review memories. It has the appearance of a shallow stone or metal basin, into which runes and strange symbols are carved and precious stones are fitted. It is filled with a silvery substance that appears to be a cloudy liquid/gas; the collected memories of people who have siphoned their recollections into it. ~ Wikia

Game Canon
+ Pensieves are usually inherited by trusted family members or burried w/ it's owner.
+ Retrieving memory spell requires the memory holder think/speak of the memory at time of extraction.
+ Memories can be extracted by third parties, but memory holders must think/speak the memory.
+ Memories can be false - due to false memory synapsis.
+ Memory retrieval magically dublicates/records the essense of synapses that occurs during the brain's memory recall process.

Level: N/A
Subject: Hogwarts Magic

It's up for debate how many classrooms there actually are at Hogwarts. The main 7 floors + the ground floor + basement/dungeon areas would imply there's quite a collection of spaces for "learning" and other teenage activities. At first glance, you could argue Hogwarts classrooms are just rooms, but they do manage to always have the right amount of desks, chairs, and course materials available.

Game Canon
+ Classrooms are usually open during non-learning hours
+ Dungeon & 7th floor classrooms are the more "neglected."
+ Head course teachers have offices connected to their specific classrooms
+ Some of those offices are also attached to their sleeping quarters.
+ Classrooms usually have a portrait or two hanging somewhere to "keep watch." Whether they actually do is up for debate.

Level: Basic Concept
Subject: All

Because we're set in a school where your character is going to "learn" magic a basic team understanding of where magic stems from is important. For this setting let's assume magic at it's most basic form is "energy." Witches and wizards have the ability to access, summon, transmute, and manipulate that energy with the use of a conduit. The ability of magic is simply one's natural ability to tap into those energies. Hogwarts teaches the various types of "magic/energy" in the universe and how to use them for specific tasks and subjects.

Game Canon
+ Conduits can range from wands, staffs, jewelry, and more.
+ Wandless magic is when a person is using their body as a conduit.
+ A persons magical strength is both biological & nurture based
+ One can improve your magical ability through practice.
+ Squibs & Muggles are born without the biological ability of magic.