I'm not sure whether they'd be a direct equivalence - we have a lot of people with powers who aren't mutants, including our own versions of the Avengers, though there's been a little overlap there. Mutants are very specifically identified by the genetic mutation that causes our abilities and there's a lot of political and religious baggage that has led to us also having a strong shared cultural identity that's contributed to a few attempts at nation building. Krakoa is the most recent, but also the most successful by far.