To be honest, I think half of American TV shows are cop shows, or a variation thereof - and they have countless spin-offs. So if we rule those out, we're ruling out a lot of TV.
Law and Order; Law and Order SVU; Law and Order: Criminal Intent; NCIS; CSI; CSI: Miami; CSI: NY; (wasn't there even a CSI: Las Vegas)?; Hill Street Blues; NYPD Blue; Bones; Closer; Cold Case; 24; Medium; Alias; Third Watch; The X Files; etc... (Do Monk, Chuck, and Matlock count?)
It's the same with medical and law dramas and all their various spin-offs. If you made a list, it would be huge (encompassing shows even such as Northern Exposure which was undoubtedly about the small-town life. It just used the medical incidents as a means to tell the story.). I think it's just the nature of the beast to hone in on hospitals, cop shops, and law firms as places of action - because the action is in easy supply and, most importantly, it's episodic in nature.
I'm trying to think of shows that aren't centered around those three places and the list gets small. Prison Break, Arrested Development (I'm pretty sure it doesn't have a laugh track, though it is played for the lols), Six Feet Under, Gilmore Girls, Men in Trees, (I have no idea which category Twin Peaks falls under), and all the teen dramas: Dawson's Creek, Friday Night Lights, The Wonder Years, My So Called Life, One Tree Hill...
I think it says more about the formulaic-ness (if it's not a word, it should be) of American TV than anything else.