M*A*S*H transmuted: Hawkeye I hadn't read the book
M*A*S*H for years. I never owned a copy till, a couple of weeks ago, two houseguests presented me with one they'd found in a rather nice second-hand bookshop.
So, I read it. And you can see how they derived the film from the book, just as you can see how they derived the series from the film. (IMO, improving it each time.)
There are a vast array of differences between book and TV series, but one I'm going to pick on is Hawkeye Pierce.
In the book, Hawkeye is married, with children, a large family (several brothers) and both parents still living.
In the series, Hawkeye isn't married/has no children, has no brothers or sisters (okay, there's a reference to a sister in an early episode, but it's pretty definitely non-canonical by later episodes), his mother died when he was 10, and though he loves his father, he believed until BJ organised a family reunion for the 4077th that his father would always put his patients first, his son second.
In the book, when Hawkeye and the Duke go home, they leave Trapper John behind for another five months, but they do say goodbye properly. (And in the book, it's Trapper John who produces the olives for the Swamp martinis...)
Spearchucker exists for a handful of episodes in the series, before vanishing after he's discovered to be
an anachronism: in the book, Dr Jones is a neurosurgeon who was Hawkeye's roommate in college, because none of the other medical students (all white) would share with a black man.
In the series, of course, Trapper John gets to go home first, without even leaving a note. But at that point the series starts mutating away from the book and the film involuntarily, since Colonel Blake dies and Trapper John goes and Spearchucker is gone.
Hawkeye in the book is strangely like I imagine Trapper John to be: the year in Korea was an interval in his life, strange and weird, but something that happened out of normal time. He could go home.
Hawkeye in the series I cannot imagine being unchanged by Korea. (Partly because, canonically, Hawkeye stayed an
improbable amount of time in Korea: he was there in September 1950, and he and Trapper John had obviously already been there for several weeks at least: and he stayed till the war ended in July 1953. Sometime I must figure out how this worked, since even according to contemporary military rules, none of the doctors ought to have been there more than twelve months, and they could not have been drafted for more than two years.) Hawkeye seems to have appeared, unattached to anyone except his father, and of the only two strong connections other than his father who aren't 4077th personnel, one dies on his table and one leaves him - definitely for good, this time.
At the end of the series, Hawkeye says he's going home to his father, to Crabapple Cove, giving up a surgical career and settling down as a family doctor. This of someone who is clearly a brilliant surgeon: will he? But could he ever tolerate life in the discipline of a big hospital, after working in the 4077th so long, where no one cared what he said or who he said it to or who he slept with? This would not be the case in any big hospital in the 1950s, and while he could get away with being eccentric Dr Pierce in Crabapple Cove, there they
would care who he had sex with.