Maths, music, people, English - you want precedents, go look at "Gifted" kids. Sometimes, it can be a crippling psychological burden that winds up with you twisted up, screwed up and over in a corner being miserable; sometimes, it's a non-issue. Often, as in my case (identified as "gifted" at about 11, which was rather too late to save me from the childhood issues of being "the smart one", along with being "the one who does not understand socialisation to save her life"), it's a mixed bag, and not necessarily in ways that you'd think, straight off - I have, for instance, a crippling fear of failure, because of the weight put on by being "gifted"; failure meant I obviously wasn't, and that was BAD, so I worked myself into a complex where I didn't try stuff I wasn't going to do fantastically on the first time, lest I fail. Lovely cycle.
So that parallel seems clear enough.
it's just hard to find a real-world equivalent.
Only if you have a secularist Western mindset. Other cultures, including our own in previous centuries, have shamans, mystics, the cursed, etc; alas, there do not tend to be psychiatric studies of these people (if for no other reason than it was either before psychiatry, or because in modern times the psychiatric community likes to reduce the gifts down to "mental illnesses", and spirit-workers/shamans/mystics find this incredibly insulting), but they still existed and interacted with society, and the basic premise is that they're born with gifts that other people Just Aren't. You don't have to accept that premise as fact to look at them, culturally, and see both how they adjust and how the people around them adjust to them (which in turn feeds into how they adjust), and since it's THAT aspect you seem to be interested in, rather than the specific effects of telepathy eating your brain, one would think it'd be quite useful.