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Thursday, March 28th, 2013
4:00a
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mypoziomice.pl - The Psychology of Problem Solving
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Preface
Articles
Analogical transfer in problem solving
Effects of surface and structural similarity on access and application
Effects of surface on structural abstraction
Inferred Continuity and Discreteness
Inferred Symmetry and Asymmetry
Informed Transfer
Similarity in surface and structure
Spontaneous Transfer
Summary and concluding remarks
Understanding and structural abstraction
Comprehension of text in problem solving
Construction-Integration Model
Embodied Cognition Model
Five levels of text representation
Knowledge Structure Models
The importance of text representation for problem solving
Creativity
A Source of Difficulty in Problem Solving
Conclusion
Creativity as a source of difficulty in problem solving: another look
Putting together cognitive and conative factors
Feeling and thinking implications for problem solving
Am I Likely to Attain the Goal?
An Illustration: Moods and the Use of Scripts
Bodily Feedback
Decision Making
Emotions as a Source of Information
Implications for Problem Solving
Introduction
Moods
Situational Cues
Insights about insightful problem solving
Forgetting
Historical context for insight: the gestalt approach
Identification of an Impasse
Intrinsic Motivation
Mental Processes
Opportunistic Assimilation
Selective Combination
Selective Comparison
Selective Encoding
Social Interaction
The nothing-special approach
The puzzle-problem approach
The Role of Affect
The Roles of Incubation
Introduction
Everyday Knowledge and Problem Definition and Problem Representation
Expert Knowledge and Problem Definition and Problem Representation
Problem Recognition
Processes in Problem Definition and Representation
Processes in Problem Recognition
Recognizing, Defining, and Representing Problems
What We Know
What We Need to Know
Problem solving large small hard easy
The Issue of Dichotomization
Typologies dichotomies introduced
Relevant abilities and skills
CEPS and Global Intelligence
Doubts and Alternative Accounts
Empirical Evidence
Evaluation Criteria
Evaluation of Approach
Global Intelligence and Expertise
Implicit Learning and Intellectual Ability
Intellectual Ability
Is Success or Failure at Solving Complex Problems
Simple and Complex Problems
Task and Subject Properties Affecting Complex Explicit Problem Solving
The Tasks
States and strategies
Conclusion
Forethought Phase
Goal Orientation
Goal Setting
Motivating Self-Regulated Problem Solvers
Performance Phase
Problem Solving by Experts and Novices
Problem Solving in Formal and Informal Contexts
Self-Efficacy Expectations
Self-Monitoring
Self-Reflection Phase
Self-Regulation of Problem Solving in Informal Contexts
The acquisition of expert performance as problem solving
Acquiring Expert Levels of Performance
Acquiring Mechanisms Mediating Expert Performance in Chess
Analysis of Superior Representative Performance
Analyzing Expert Performance in Chess
Approaches to the Study of Problem Solving and Thinking: Historical Background
Behaviorism and Studies of Thinking
Capturing Expert Performance Under Standardized Conditions
Capturing Processes With Representative Tasks From Everyday Life
Construction and Modification of Mediating Mechanisms
Do Basic, Invariant Processes and Capacities Mediate Performance on Laboratory Tasks?
Domain Presented Information Task
Expert Performance Characterized by Superior Speed
Expert Performance Through Deliberate Practice
Gestalt Psychology and Human Information-Processing Psychology
Initial Attempts to Study Thinking
Representation for hearing one s performance
Skill Acquisition in Everyday Life and in the Laboratory
Some Conclusions From Traditional Laboratory Studies of Problem Solving
The Acquisition of Expert Performance Requiring Increased Control
The Acquisition of Expert Performance
The Search for Generalizable Capacities and Processes
The fundamental computational biases of human cognition
Abstraction and the fundamental computational biases in education
Heuristics That Impair Decision Making and Problem Solving
Seeing Intentional Design in Random Events
The fundamental biases and the problems of modern society
The Narrative Mode of Thought
The Tendency to Socialize Abstract Problems
The Use of Prior Knowledge and Context
The role of working memory in problem solving
Adult Age and Problem-Solving Difficulties
Antisaccade Task
Basic Mechanism Hypothesis
Comprehension
Dichotic Listening Task
Insight Tasks
Multiple Working Memory Capacities?
Problem Solving Difficulties
Reasoning and Fluid Intelligence
Summary and conclusions
The Central Executive
The goal and organization of this chapter
The Knowledge-Is-Power Hypothesis
The Slave Systems
What is a problem?
Working Memory and Problem Solving
Working Memory as a Unifying Construct
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